Catching is the most demanding position in baseball, both physically and mentally. The catcher not only has the job of catching each of the pitchers’ 120 or more pitches that don’t get hit by a batter, but he has to know each batter’s weakness, and his pitcher’s strengths, to call for each pitch, too, including the type of pitch and location. And catching those pitches isn’t easy when they have all kinds of movement, he’s working behind a batter who often fouls the pitch into all parts of the catcher’s body (and that padding only helps so much), and sometimes a batter’s follow-through on a strike will end up hitting the catcher on the head or shoulders. In addition, he has the job of helping to position fielders—he’s often the best strategist on the team, and has to be—and he fairly often has to make the longest throws to attempt to catch runners stealing bases, as he catches the pitch, rises from his crouch and throws (wearing all of that gear) over the pitcher’s mound to second base.
He’s also moving on every bunt, whether he gets the ball or not, and on most ground balls to the infield, he’s running with the batter toward first base to back up the first baseman in case the thrown ball gets by him.
You would think that his knees would give out, and they do hurt pretty often, but at least he’s not often called on to run fast. Most major league catchers can’t run, precisely for the reason that you suspect. And their knees do hurt from all of the demands placed on them.
But it’s his hands that take the worst beating. The hand in the mitt, is pounded—hard!—by most of the pitches thrown and caught, but his throwing hand is very often battered and bruised as well, because he has to use it sometimes to help catch the thrown pitch, or to attempt to catch a fouled third strike (which will make the batter out), and putting that unguarded hand in harm’s way often does harm it.
Even though the pitchers get all of the ink, it seems, and they do work hard, too, every fifth day, the best catchers are called upon to play every day that they can possibly do that, and no pitcher was ever great without a great battery-mate behind the plate.