The whole concept of “rights” has been very badly abused for most of the past century.
When the founders of the USA declared “inalienable rights” they had in mind things that a person has unto himself: his own thoughts and conscience, relationship with god/s, his own home and whatever other property he could acquire legally, and the right to live his own life. No one has to “give” anyone these things, you own these rights as you are born, and the US Constitution was written in a way that would respect and guarantee these rights.
But lately we have been talking more and more about other “rights” that do have to be planned for, funded and supplied by others:
– education as a right
– medical care as a right
– affordable housing as a right
– food as a right
– a right to a job (as opposed to a “right to work”, which is a very different animal)
– even “rights” to Internet access
These are very different “rights” than what the US Founders proposed. Someone has to provide education, food, medical care, housing, Internet access and all the rest of these goodies. They don’t automatically exist in nature for us to share equally.
One might argue that air and water DO exist in nature for us to share, and that we should each have an equal share of these resources, at least. Even that is problematic. The groundwater in Bangladesh, for example, is heavily contaminated with arsenic, not because of some evil multinational corporation dumping wastes there, but because arsenic permeates the soil there. Removing the arsenic is possible, but it’s an expensive process. Water doesn’t exist, at least in quantities sufficient to support human communities, in many parts of the world, and has to be provided in those places at great expense.
Even air is unequally distributed. People at higher altitudes simply do not have the density of air (so they have “less” of it) than people closer to sea level.
It’s a good goal for water and air users to return the water and air back to the environment in as good as or better condition than they were when they were entered into our various agricultural, industrial, commercial and residential uses, and we work much better at achieving that goal—at least in the places that have strong enough economies and desire to demand and then do that. For example, some municipalities have sewage treatment plants that return treated water back to the downstream side that is often better than the water at their intakes. (The only reason they can’t actually re-use the treated water as domestic supply is the perception problem that users would have if they knew that they were drinking “treated sewer water”.) But most people in New Orleans, for example, realize that the water coming out of their taps, as “clean” as it is, has been used many times upstream to flush toilets, feed livestock, irrigate crops, float barge traffic, etc.
So, as with all of the other “material rights” as I call them, the devil really is in the details: who “supplies” these “rights” to the people who supposedly have the rights? And who pays for that?