@johnpowell, busing is about equal racial access to quality schools in many parts of the country. There are school systems that are not based on tax-funded districts; all the taxes for the whole county or metro area go into one pool and are managed by one school system. The funding of individual schools within the system is based upon a per-pupil allocation.
What happens is that socioeconomic dictates of communities influence the academic performance of those schools; neighborhoods where the households are headed up by parents low educational levels perform at a lower level than neighborhoods where the majority of the households are headed up by college graduates, or individuals with professional or advanced degrees.
In order to compensate for the inequities, students are bussed from neighborhood school district to neighborhood school district in order to achieve racial balance, thus providing equal access to a quality learning environment. One inherent problem with the process is that it is generally based on race, and there are areas where caucasian students live in socioeconomic areas whose profiles match the targeted student profile. In other words, if you are white, your parents did not graduate from high school, are on welfare or work low paying laborer jobs, you are not being bussed out of your neighborhood to a better school.
This is a weakness of bussing when based solely on racial profiling of students.
In some systems in order to compensate for being sent out from a “good” neighborhood school, school systems have devised magnet programs in schools in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods to attract students to those areas by having them apply to those desirable school. Students must apply to those schools, and demonstrate that they are willing to work up to the levels needed.
Originally, it was projected that bussing kids would lead to better neighborhood integration, but that’s not the case.
Another fall-out from bussing is that kids who are bussed into a school are denied access to after school activities because there’s no activities bus to take you back to your neighborhood after practice. It either involves a long ride on a city bus with a band instrument or sports equipment, or an elaborate arrangement with other students’ parents who are willing to drive 10 – 15 miles out of their way to give you a lift home, out of the goodness of their hearts.
My source on this is that my brother was among the first bussing group in Louisville, KY. He went from the suburbs to a city school. My children both attended magnet middle schools; one attended a magnet high school. And, I’ve left work early more times than I can count because a friend of my daughter, who attended a different school from her, had no way to get from football practice to his house 15 miles away with all of his gear. He was just accepted to medical school, so my left-leaning liberal heart feels that my inconvenience was well worth it.