“Less weight and more reps make for tone, not bulk. Jennifer Aniston does weight training, and her arms aren’t big at all. But they are toned and sexy. :)”
Sorry, but this is wrong. There is no such thing as “toning” as it’s own thing or “tone” as a property of muscle. Toning is also sometimes called “gaining definition”, but the only way you can improve muscle definition is either by a) gaining muscle b) losing fat c) a combination of the two. Lifting weights increases muscle mass, burning more calories than you consume reduces fat.
The main thing which will mean that your wife will NOT build crazy muscular arms is eating. Gaining muscle is incredibly difficult. If it was easy, wouldn’t all men have huge arms, pecs, abs and legs? From somebody who has tried their hand at bodybuilding, let me tell you that building muscle takes a lot of work, and eating right. If she does not eat lots of protein, and eat over maintenance then she will not pack on muscle.
A note for “eating over maintenance”. Generally a good starting point for figuring out what your “maintenance” level (that is, the number of calories you burn naturally every day and need to eat to stay the same weight) is to take your bodyweight in lbs and multiply it by 14, this will be close to your maintenance level (so say, 160lbs * 14 = 2240 calories).
Note that gaining muscle increases your metabolic rate, that is to say that maintaining muscle burns more calories than maintaining fat. If you weight 160lbs and have 20% body fat, you will burn more calories just by sitting around than if you weigh 160lbs and have 25% body fat, so this is another benefit to gaining muscle.
I haven’t even touched on testosterone yet, but this is a huge factor in why women don’t build muscle anywhere near as easily as men.
It may help to just read this, which is something I’ve copied from a forum I go to where people really know their stuff:
“The truth is, women can’t gain muscle at anywhere near the rate of men, no matter how hard they lift. Men naturally produce testosterone (you, of course, produce estrogen,), and the fact that we have 60% more upperbody muscle mass on average (yes, even the lanky little nerd you know has significantly more potential for growth in the upperbody) means you will never become “big and bulky” if you don’t use growth hormones and steroids.
Getting huge doesn’t just happen to men, forget women. Every female fitness magazine you read is garbage. It’s not hyperbole. Every single one. They are bad. Men’s Health isn’t really highly regarded, but you are honestly way better off reading it than you are pretty much any other fitness magazine geared towards your sex. They fixate on things like spot reduction (a myth discussed below) and bosu balls (CORE TRAINING OH EM GEE), light little weights and hours spent doing cardio.
Light weights don’t do anything for you but build muscle… Slowly. You might say the point of this is to avoid you getting big and bulky like a female bodybuilder. You, as a woman, genetically have a “cap” on muscle mass. You will NOT get big. What’s the point then of reaching your potential slow (or really, never reaching your potential at all) when you could reach it faster with heavy weights?
Heavy weights actually cause the bone to become more dense. Bone density is a major issue for women. Heavy weights build muscle, muscle requires more calories to maintain than fat, therefore muscle increases your metabolism.
Every woman in Hollywood who is considered “hot” does resistance training. They do intervals in cardio. Genetically you are predisposed against ever getting large without the help of chemistry. Do not worry about big weights making you big. They will build muscle, which will burn fat faster, help with cellulite, increase bone density, give you ‘shape’ and they’re the only thing that can fix flabby arms for women over 30.”
There’s also a reasonably good article here: http://www.squidoo.com/10-reasons-women-should-lift-weights (although there are ads trying to sell you things, these can be ignored).
Also, this woman lifts weights: http://www.crossfit.com/mt-archive2/JenniOrr.jpg Her name is Jenni Orr, look her up. Apparently she can do 15 overhead squat reps of her bodyweight. That is, lifting her bodyweight over her head, then squatting down til her thighs are parallel with the ground and standing up again.