How can I make this sentences as per the "Tense Rule" for past tense?

“I thought you were angry with me” or “I think you are angry with me.”
“I thought you were upset” or “I think you are upset.”
“I thought you were free” or “I think you are free.”

The last one doesn’t really make sense… we wouldn’t say “a fool guy.” “I heard he is a fool” or “I heard he was a fool” could both be used, depending on the circumstances. “Is” indicates that he is always a fool, or is being one currently, while “was” indicates that he was a fool in the past.

In your example of “I thought you are upset”, it should read:
“I thought you would be upset”.

In your sentence, the thinking took place in the past so any reference to the present activity of “you are upset” should be made from that past perspective as well or, in other words, with a past future tense.

Similarwith your other examples.

The last sentence should be “I heard he was a foolish guy”

English is obviously their L2 and their onto something difficult.

If you want to make the verbs present with past times implied you can also use the perfect tense (or prefect progressive)

I thought you have been angry with me. I thought you have been feeling angry with me.
I thought you have been upset. (ditto with feeling)
I thought you have been free. I thought you have been having free time (this one we probably wouldn’t say)
I have heard he is a foolish guy. (this one applies less).

Note: some of these are better used with the past perfect tense.

Note part 2: as an L2 if you know the rules well enough you will eventually know them better than most L1 speakers.

Agreed as to the above. However, there is an idiom (in American English at least) that works like this:

It uses fool as an adjective: That fool dog thinks he lives here!

Your term “fool guy” would be an idiom of this sort: That fool guy doesn’t know where he’s going!

@jlelandg @snowberry – maybe it’s an American English thing, but those sentences don’t feel right to my inner-ear – I wouldn’t use a present perfect for the meanings under dicscussion; I’d use a simple past.

@the100thmonkey They don’t feel right to mine, either, but I know folks who use this sort of language here in the USA. As I said before, this particular usage is an IDIOM. It’s not about what’s grammatically correct anyway. When you become fluent in a language, idioms are sometimes an irritating, but necessary part of fluency.

@snowberry – I wasn’t talking about “fool guy”, I was referring to the use of the present perfect in “I thought you have been angry with me and the other examples.

@the100thmonkey I don’t think it’s an American English thing, because I’m American, I have lived in several regions of the country, and I agree with you. The past perfect would fit, but the present perfect does not.

@lessonenglish It seems like you are primarily confused by forms of “to be”. It seems as though you should use the present tense because the state of being continues to the present. However, by saying “I thought” or “I heard”, you are referring to the time at which you thought or heard it. Thus, you must use the past tense.

You’re doing very well at your English. This is an excellent question.

I think it could be wrong. At least I covered myself with saying past perfect.

In fact I don’t know why I tried answering. Students will come up to me with the most asinine grammar questions that are extremely nitpicky and have little or no bearing on the way speech is understood and it baffles me that they teach English in China this way.

To me, it would sound better to say:

I heard THAT he is a fool(ish) guy.

However, putting in “that” does not change the sentence meaning at all. An empty complementizer.

i.e.
He hopes you go ahead with the speech.
He hopes that you go ahead with the speech.

I suppose this is nitpicky.
(I suppose that this is nitpicky?)

Ah, English.