I think the concept of so-called ‘emotional bids’ are key.
“If you’re planning to be happily sharing your mornings with the same partner far into the future, you have to acknowledge and respond positively to your partner’s comments. What makes this simple interaction so important to the happiness and longevity of relationships? Relationship researcher John Gottman has been observing couples for over 30 years and he has identified that relationships are made up of hundreds, if not thousands of small moments of connection similar to the one described above.
Gottman calls these seemingly simple, mundane interactions ‘bids’. When we bid, we are inviting our partner to connect with us. Gottman’s research has demonstrated that bids are the ‘fundamental unit of emotional connection’ and are one of the keys to successful relationships. While the focus in this article is on our close, intimate relationships, the information discussed can be used to create and strengthen connection in all our relationships,
Bids come in an infinite variety of styles. They can be verbal, such as a comment or question or nonverbal, such as a touch, expression or gesture. Regardless of style, what all bids share is the underlying message ‘I want to feel connected to you!’
We respond to bids in one of three ways. The answers to the question posed above provide examples:
Option a) this is an example of turning towards (reacting in a positive way to a bid for emotional connection).
Option b) this is an example of turning away (acting preoccupied or ignoring a bid).
Option c) this is an example of turning against (responding in a manner that is argumentative or belligerent).
Gottman’s research shows that when couples consistently turn toward each other’s bids they experience stable, long lasting relationships. In addition, the solid foundation of trust and positive feelings that turning toward bids creates in a relationship has also been found to be an important factor in helping couples work through conflicts, an inevitable component of any long term relationship.”
http://www.ucalgary.ca/counselling/emotionalbids