I don’t know if you have a Whole Foods market near you, but they carry tempeh, and miso (a fermented soy paste used primarily for making soup, but also used as a salty, nutty flavor in other foods like salad dressing, marinades and sauces. WF’s also carries a selection of veggie jerkies, some better than others and I don’t know if they are made with fermented soy protein or not. There is a fermented tofu, that my friend in Japan has told me about that smells really rank and you either like it or hate it (I would probably like it sense I enjoy stinky cheeses and the like, not sure what the name of it is, though, but it might be natto). We have tons of Asian markets in our area, and if you stay away from the fish dept. or the restaurants, you are not likely to encounter too much scent-wise. They usually have a boatload of different misos in the refrigerated section. Of course, soy sauce is also a fermented soy product, but it’s not like you can drink it, or use tons of it, because of it’s high sodium content. Bragg’s liquid aminos is a similar fermented soy product that can be used interchangeably with soy sauce.
As much as I enjoy fake meat, I personally do not like the taste or texture of tempeh. It tastes really sour to me and has kind of a weird rough texture to it. But a lot of vegetarians like it.
And like @crisw has said, there are other fermented foods, especially saurkraut and kimchee (which is any one of a hundred different kinds of fermented pickled vegetables, but mostly cabbage with chili peppers and it’s awesome!) You can make kimchee and saurkraut at home, and I love them both. Many regular grocery stores also carry jarred, refrigerated sauerkraut (Bubbie’s brand is especially good) and also a limited amount of jarred, refrigerated kimchee (but check the labels on kimchee if you specifically need something that is vegetarian friendly, most kimchee has fish juice or pieces in it. Whole foods used to carry a brand (who’s name I can’t recall, that had no fish in it, and it was excellent).
Most grocery stores like Henry’s and Sprouts and other specialty stores that specialize in produce, will likely have miso and sauerkraut.
Here is an online source for all sorts of fermented soy products.
Here’s a list of the major fermented soy products