What makes cold?

Cold is simply the lack of heat. It’s not a “thing” as such.

Cold air comes from warmer air that rises from the face of the earth. As the warmer air rises, it reaches altitudes where the air is less dense (decompression), and thus cools considerably. This “cooler” air is carried inland and across by wind.

Cold is simply the lack of heat.

As some said the cold is literally the lack of heat but also the ocean plays a crucial role in determining climate because of its ability to absorb, store, and transport heat from the sun. Ocean water also affects atmospheric temperature and circulation around the world.

The ocean can warm or cool the air in a number of different ways. For example, when the air is at a lower temperature than seawater, the ocean transfers heat to the lower atmosphere, which becomes less dense as the heat causes molecules in the air to move farther apart. As a result, a low-pressure air mass forms over that part of the ocean. (Conversely, cool or cold waters lead to the formation of high-pressure air masses as air molecules move closer together.) Because air always flows from areas of higher pressure to those of lower pressure, winds are diverted toward the low-pressure area.

The ocean’s currents make it possible for weather effects to be widely distributed. Some currents carry warm water from tropical and subtropical regions toward the poles, while other currents move cool water in the opposite direction. The Gulf Stream is a current that transports warm water across the North Atlantic Ocean from Florida toward Europe. Before reaching Europe, the Gulf Stream breaks up into several other currents, one of which flows to the British Isles and Norway. The heat carried in this current warms the winds that blow over these regions, helping to keep winters there from becoming bitterly cold.

In this way, the ocean’s circulation compensates somewhat for the sun’s unequal heating of the Earth, in which the tropics receive more energy from the sun than the poles. Were it not for the moderating effects of ocean currents on air temperatures, the tropics would be much hotter than they are and the polar regions even colder.

I got this from http://science.howstuffworks.com/how-the-ocean-affects-climate-info1.htm

We get weather reports here that mention “a cold air mass from the Canadian Rockies” is moving se. I assume that that particular air mass is simply refrigerated.

Basically, heat is fast moving particles. Therefore cold is basically slow moving particles.

As @dappled_leaves mentioned, cold is a lack of heat. But what is heat?
Heat is energy, that causes molecules to vibrate. The more the molecules vibrate, the hotter something is. The less they vibrate, the less heat there is and the colder it is. That is also why you can’t go below absolute zero, and why absolute zero is so hard to reach: molecules in contact with colder molecules heat up the colder molecules so that the molecules are all the same temperature. And of course, it is impossible to have negative motion.
And the reason air over oceans is cooler during the day and warmer at night than air over the land is simply because it takes more energy to cool and heat water than it does land. Consequently, the air over land heats up more than air over water, meaning the land air is low-pressure and the water air is high-pressure during the day (the opposite is true during the night). This causes a land breeze during the day and a sea breeze during the night, and it’s also why coastal areas aren’t as extreme in temperature than areas far inland.

It is also impossible (as far as we know right now) to reach absolute zero.

Generally speaking, cold is the absence of heat. It happens when ambient thermal energy tries to occupy too much space. It works like an ideal gas in this way.

Strangely enough… Cold comes from warm and vice versa.

Lack of heat. Heat itself is the energy of the molecules in a substance. The less energetic the molecules, the “colder” it is.

Absolute zero occurs when all molecules have absolutely no energy. This is impossible to achieve because of mass-energy equivalence (E = MC^2). Anything with mass must have energy, and thus a positive temperature.