Welcome to Fluther.
I’ve lived in Wisconsin, Michigan and New England for most of my life – the most enjoyable parts, so far.
The big thing to realize about dressing for the cold is that “multiple layers” will give you much more protection and warmth (and flexibility) than even a single much thicker parka or coat. (There are times when the wind and temperature combination may call for both multiple layers and the heavy down parka, and you should be prepared for those times, but most times… less is more.)
So definitely invest in good underclothing, for starters. In fact, if you’re going to be in the weather a lot, such as those who work on infrastructure and work outdoors all year long, you may want to include a layer of silks underneath cotton underclothes. (I’ve never gone that route, because I tend to limit my time outdoors in those conditions, but I’ve read that anyway.) Have a few sets of long-sleeve and long leg thermal underwear. When you need it, you’ll be glad to have it (and you can tell who isn’t wearing it; they’re the ones whose lips are blue).
After that, good flannel shirts and lined pants will keep you warm in all kinds of conditions. (I keep hearing that wool is great because it keeps you warm even when wet, and I know that’s true of mittens, but I’ve never found it to be true of sweaters – or maybe I just haven’t had “good” woolen sweaters.) Definitely get yourself some lined pants. You won’t believe how toasty they can keep you. In fact, a good set of Carharts’ overalls (lined or unlined) can protect you in all kinds of weather, and you can keep them rolled in a ball in the trunk of your car for when you need them.
Sweaters or thin fleeces make a good next layer, topped with a waterproof and windproof shell jacket.
As the weather warms (or gets wet) you can remove some layers and keep only the ones you need. A parka doesn’t give you that kind of flexibility.
For hands, definitely keep mittens available. Look for a set of “boiled mittens” (that’s not a joke; Maine lobster men wear them while pulling lobster traps out of the North Atlantic in the winter – that’s a good enough recommendation for me). In any case, mittens will keep your hands warmer than gloves can, even though some good gloves are helpful for when you need some dexterity.
You absolutely need a suitable hat, boots and heavy socks, and a scarf or two wouldn’t hurt.
And blankets in the trunk of your car, “just in case”.