@Cruiser – You simply can’t claim it’s toxic in the same way arsenic and mercury are.
A lethal dose of arsenic is 70 to 200 milligrams (one fifth of a gram) – source
A lethal dose of mercury is 1 to 4 grams, a relatively tiny amount – source
If you ate 4 grams of sugar and had a chance to keel over, that would be toxic. Sugar is a food and your body breaks down all carbohydrates into sugar, so you’re hardly able to classify it as a poison. It is trickery. It’s for headlines.
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From the 60 minutes report
Dr. Robert Lustig: We love it. We go out of our way to find it. I think one of the reasons evolutionarily is because there is no food stuff on the planet that has fructose that is poisonous to you. It is all good. So when you taste something that’s sweet, it’s an evolutionary Darwinian signal that this is a safe food.
That’s from the doctor himself. It doesn’t sound like he thinks all sugar is toxic, just too much.
The report goes on to try and connect various studies but the pattern seems to be that the interviewer will throw out a wild statement, the scientist answers more cautiously, and then they move on. An example when discussing the dopamine release sugar consumption causes
Dr. Sanjay Gupta: So far be it for people to realize this ‘cause sugar is everywhere, but you’re saying this is one of the most addictive substances possibly that we have?
Eric Stice: It certainly is very good at firing the reward regions in our brain.
The scientist seems a little more guarded there, no?
Maybe because dopamine is released by a lot of things including such other killers like music, sex, exercise, and anything else that makes you happy.
Oh yeah, and cocaine. Because “sugar is like cocaine” is a lot more interesting than “sugar is as addictive as exercise!”.
The scientists seem to be doing good work, in areas that hopefully will lead to recommendations that people can follow. This would be a great platform to get their message out, but it gets distilled down to a few sensationalized sentences. So far the only recommendations seems to be best summarized as moderate your sugar intake.
As written and summarized by the original doctor being interviewed in his recommendations…
Dr. Robert Lustig agrees—we need a balanced diet—but his idea of balance is a drastic reduction in sugar consumption. To that end he co-authored an American Heart Association report recommending men should consume no more than 150 calories of added sugars a day. And women, just 100 calories. That’s less than the amount in just one can of soda.
150 calories is about 37 grams of sugar a day (25 grams for women). To me, it doesn’t sound like he really believes sugar is “toxic”, it sounds more like he’s decided he needs to get his message out, and if he needs to overstate things to grab someone’s attention, he’s OK with that. After all it got him on 60 minutes and ultimately will lead to greater exposure for his actual recommendations which seem to be reasonable.
I hope in the next 20 years scientists in general start teaming with someone to write an accurate and digestible summary of their studies, papers, and findings, presented for the general public rather than relying on marketers and media for that purpose as they do now. All most people will remember about this story is “Sugar is Toxic” and so the resulting discussion seems to be about that.
Example – Sweet and toxic: Is sugar really ‘poison’? at the Today show
I think it only contributes to the public distrust that science is always touted as “hot new studies” rather than a steady, constant march towards better understanding.