I think that there is a distinction between feeling pain and remembering pain. If you are under anesthesia, you might feel pain anyway. They say you can during a colonoscopy, for example. Yet, when you awake, you don’t remember, because the brain chemistry that facilitates memory doesn’t work under anesthesia.
Well, I know that baby brains aren’t developed. Few of us have any memories from before the age of three, and I have not heard anyone’s claim to having a memory from before the age of one that I find credible. Not many people claim that, anyway.
If a tree falls in a forest….
If a baby feels pain, but can’t remember it the next day, does it really feel pain? Of course, it does for the moment, but the moment soon goes away, and then, at least in a newborn, I seriously doubt there is even a memory of pain. The brain, I suspect, is not yet capable of forming long lasting memories.
And even if it could. the brain is not yet capable of creating symbols with which to store memories. Babies have no words. They have no way of conscious thinking yet. They may have unconscious means of thinking, but it is not clear to me what that would mean. It would have to happen on a very elemental, simplistic level. It would be instinctive thought, and I don’t think it would mean much, and it probably couldn’t be stored in memory.
Without memory, I don’t see how there could be meaningful pain. You might feel the pain for a moment, but it wouldn’t last and it wouldn’t rise to the level of the kind of pain we would need to be concerned about. It wouldn’t harm the baby, in other words. No pain could really harm the baby.
All we have are action that harm the body, but no lasting memory of that. Which means that we could do anything to a baby’s body and the pain would not last past the ability of pain signals to be generated. As soon as the signals die down, the pain is gone and the memory is gone.
Having said that, it seems to me that there is no reason to gratuitously put a baby through momentary pain, if we don’t have to. So anesthetic is entirely appropriate, if available.