PCOS, as I understand it, is a hormone deficiency that can cause a severe imbalance between three glands—the ovaries, pancreas and adrenal glands.
When an ovary forms an egg, one hormone rises to form that egg—but then another hormone comes in to cause the egg to burst out of a sac. When the hormone does not come in to cause the egg to burst out, the egg stays in the sac and it becomes an ovarian cyst. I am not sure exactly which hormones do what job (LSH, progesterone, estrogen, androgen, etc) but they work together to release eggs from the ovaries.
When the eggs aren’t released, the necessary and healthy hormone drop does not happen—so too much progesterone, I believe, causes a rise in androgen and testosterone. Elevated androgens and testosterone in a woman’s body causes the pancreas to not function well, so blood sugar is affected. When blood sugars are high, it also, in turn, affects the ovaries.
Both the pancreas and ovaries can also be affected by the production of stress hormones- cortisol and adrenaline. If there’s a lot of high-anxiety stress, which elevates cortisol and adrenaline, the pancreas underfunctions even more, affecting the ovaries further.
Women with PCOS basically have elevated testosterone and androgen levels, which leads to hair loss, excessive facial hair, skin tags, darkening of the skin, weight gain, irregular periods, infertility and almost guarantees that the woman will eventually get diabetes.
PCOS is genetic, but is a latent condition that is brought about by a few factors, starting with low birth weight. If a girl is born under 7 pounds, her chances of getting PCOS increases. Early puberty is the second factor. Childhood abuse (increased stress and anxiety hormones) is another big and underreported factor. Pregnancy (both to-terms and miscarriages) exacerbates the condition. People think obesity causes it—usually obesity is just one factor.
Women don’t get PCOS just because they’re fat so the idea that PCOS is a woman’s fault is very, very wrong. It has to be in their genetic blueprint to begin with.