How can computers do what they do?

This is a weirdly worded question but let me explain.

One thing I never understood is how, for example, right now I’m looking at this screen and I’m on the Internet and I’m using Windows as an operating system, all that good stuff, right?

How do we get that from a bunch of chips inside a box? I don’t understand the whole “translation” step, so to say, of how the physical hardware brings up the software and the programming. I mean, how did people figure out how to make this anyway?