What are some different ways to vote worldwide, and would they work for national politics in different countries ?

Let fluther polling run the world.

No. Too many ways to cheat and vote more than once.

I think there is discussion of online voting for politics, I don’t know where that is at though. I don’t know if it is anywhere close to being a reality.

The most fair mass election system IMHO is the Condorcet method. The U.S. winner-take-all system has the effect of motivating candidates to do one thing and one thing only: try to make the other guy look worse than them. In a Condorcet election, candidates have try to make themselves look better instead of just make others (really one other) look worse.

Small communities can depend on consensus, where everyone works together on a solution that works for everyone and then everyone agrees.