Okay…..
Short answer: No. It’s pointless to try. Though there’s no reason to think that 8th century Romans were incapable of the concept of time travel. There’s an incredibly slight possibility that if you were to survive at all, OR EVEN COMMUNICATE, your unique combination of advanced thinking and ignorance of the mundane would lead a Roman thinker (likely a Greek) to halfway explain your existence as one of a time traveler. It’s infinitely more likely that you would be considered insane or should I say possessed.
Wow, not the shortest answer, I know.
So you are suddenly marooned in Rome in the 8th century. You are without any possessions, most significantly clothing. And NO, you aren’t suddenly even semi fluent in CONTEMPORARY Latin. You should consider yourself damned lucky if you had previously learned to write it.
This will all add up to a host of interesting problems:
You are naked and have no possessions. Nearly everyone would assume you were a slave, if you didn’t seem like too much of a blithering idiot to be of no use to any house or institution. Your end could come as bloody entertainment for the Public.
Stealing clothes on the quick: Not likely. Clothing was a precious commodity. New clothing was worn by the wealthiest or as a uniform. The lower classes wore second (or more) hand. There would be no clothes just lying around for you to snatch.
You would likely be thought of as one of the foreign hordes. In my particular case my coloring and features would suggest that I was Germanic, and again, most likely a slave, and one that sustained a head injury.
How do you know where you are? The stars. Okay, so we’re in the Northern hemisphere… Again, you are lucky that you coincidentally studied Ancient Rome. Some artwork and a cable miniseries isn’t going to get you knowledgeable enough for things to be easy. So you suspect you are in Rome. Latin’s written fucking over thousands of miles. You might recognize some of the many iconic structures here… Rome, So the river’s in the right place, so is the hill, so are the walls… Public artwork might save you, including that found on currency. That is if you have a chance to get a peek at money in the short time before your death by starvation.
The Church might be willing to help out. Monks might be willing to tolerate you as a project of kindness. I’m still very skeptical. The Church: It’s filled with the superstitious back then as well.
You are introduced to the slave market. This is hardly the worst thing that can happen to you. In fact you should consider yourself extremely lucky. Not only are you incapable of the vaguest communication but you come from a time filled with fantastic convenience. Instead here and now just fetching the water is complicated by comparison. What are the chances you end up in a home with plumbing? To us Rome seems ahead of it’s time in the convenience department. That doesn’t mean your owner and your boss are going to have much patience with you. Hell, your just being in the kitchen is looking to them like more and more bad luck. How did you manage to get acquired in the first place? Can you ever hope to someday emerge a free man? Would anyone be motivated to even teach you the language? So you easily form the letters, you even speak words with an unintelligible accent. Who’s to say you aren’t just mimicking? Education is basically a novelty for the average person of stature or it’s applied to those who need it, and Rome doesn’t consider it impressive in it’s own right. You can’t even aspire to be one of those hairy know-it-all Greeks.
The military! Rome’s much more impressed with it than general knowledge. Sure one can defend The Empire as a slave and or foreigner. I suspect your inability to communicate and your baffling weirdness won’t get you anywhere here either.
The risk of being branded a loon for your claim of being a time traveler is the very least of your problems. I believe the best you could hope for is a lifetime of slavery, at the lowest conceivable level. You would be much more easily welcomed as a true member of the frontier’s fauna rather than one from another time, no matter how knowledgeable or intelligent you were.