“A. Why would anyone want to place such regard to something proven or believed to be fallible?”
The main reason is because it is still incredibly reliable—more reliable, indeed, than anything else we have. Being fallible doesn’t mean there’s a 50/50 shot that any particular theory is false. There can be degrees of assurance, and many scientific theories are extremely well confirmed and have not required any significant revisions. But we are aware that we don’t know everything, so the prudent scientist keeps open the possibility that future evidence will require us to change what are now our best theories. So even the best confirmed theories are only said to be 99.99% trustworthy. In this way, fallibilism is as much an attitude as it is an epistemological stance.
“B. Given that fact, why is there no allowance in test to address the fact that the answers are best guesses on the most part, and not absolutes you must apply to the question?”
Scientific theories are a bit more than “best guesses,” at least insofar as “guess” seems to imply that our theories are a lot less reliable than they really are. But scientists do retest theories quite frequently to see if they still hold up. That’s why replication (doing the same test many times, but also doing different tests to see if the theory predicts the correct results) is a central element of the scientific method. If your objection is to the conviction with which many people assert that scientific theories are true, I suppose I can see your point. Fallibilism is actually one of science’s greatest strengths (it is allowed to change when the evidence changes). As such, it is a little odd to downplay it.
On the other hand, a theory that has proven to be reliable and has been confirmed over and over again is worth believing, and refusing to believe in it due to the mere possibility that it might not be 100% accurate is unreasonable. Therefore, it is understandable why someone might be willing to just assert the truth of our best confirmed theories. It is also understandable why some get frustrated when politically controversial theories—which are among the best confirmed precisely because the controversy leads so many people to test it and retest it—are rejected for reasons that amount to scientific illiteracy.
“The evidence doesn’t always point to the actual truth [...] I would say those who want to hang their hat on science take note of that.”
Sure. This is particularly true early on in a scientific investigation. But again, that’s why gathering data and repeating experiments is so important. Here is an image that I think explains the progression quite well. As we gather more and more evidence, the likelihood that we are mistaken decreases significantly. The obvious sources of error are eliminated, and our theory gets closer and closer to representing the truth. It may never be perfect, but it may be at least close enough to rule out certain competing claims. And it is often confirmed well enough to make basing decisions on it the rational thing to do (and to make ignoring it when making decisions an irrational thing to do).
So while I completely agree that there are plenty of scientific-minded people who need to be better at remembering the fallibility of science, I also think that there are a lot of people who blow that fallibility way out of proportion. While our scientific theories may never be known with absolute certainty, the scientific method does give us theories we can be reasonably confident in and that are worth basing our decisions on. What has been discovered by science is worth calling “knowledge,” or at least the closest we can come to it.
I don’t think that science is unique in being able to give us knowledge, but I do think that its methods are one way of getting knowledge.