As has been pointed out above, there are only three constitutional requirements for being President, and both Trump and Carson pass on all three eligibility tests. Those requirements are pretty simple too; simple enough that most kids should be able to answer by the time they are six.
1) Are they natural-born US citizens? – Unlike McCain or Cruz, there is no need to explain things like “birthright citizenship” or other related complications like the citizenship of the parents. You can simplify this to, “Were they born in the United States?” and skip the complicated part if the answer is “Yes”.
Most children learn about states pretty early on and that New York and Michigan are states that are part of the United States, so anyone who knows where Trump and Carson were born would get the answer to this one. Unless their parents are birthers who think Hawaii is not part of the US, but I digress.
2) Have they lived in the US for 14 years or more? – This one may throw those young enough to still count on their fingers and not know what comes after ten, but aside from the possibility that fourteen is too big a number for them to totally understand, it’s pretty simple.
3) Are they over the age of 35? – Possibly the hardest one to explain to a small child, but very easy to grasp for those that have learned numbers up to 100.
So basically, any kid who has managed to pass the first grade should be able to understand the constitutional requirements. The other requirements are mostly a matter of filing the appropriate paperwork and such, but there are no actual restrictions aside from those three.
It’s worth noting that there are no laws saying that a candidate loses eligibility for election upon becoming deceased either. In fact, there is plenty of precedent for deceased candidates winning elections. True, it often leads to special elections being held in order to replace them with a living, breathing person ASAP, but that is a matter of non-constitutional law. Our founding fathers lacked the foresight to explicitly prohibit the deceased from becoming President when they wrote the US Constitution, and all laws aimed at plugging that loophole were never turned into an actual duly ratified constitutional amendment.
Now that the answer is out of the way, I wish to address a couple of comments.
@Jackiavelli A case could be made that Trump is inciting violence though, or at least is complicit enough with it to warrant scrutiny above and beyond what any public and/or political figure endures. The validity of that case is irrelevant as the court of public opinion has a different set of laws from the US criminal justice system anyways, but given the recent upswing in anti-Muslim violence here in the US, it’s possible that we’ll have new laws soon anyways that may alter the legal definition of “imminent”. As if Treyvon Martin and other fairly recent shootings didn’t already raise a few questions in that area.
The fact that Islamist terrorism and anti-Muslim violence are prominent issues that WILL be addressed only muddies the waters when it comes to what the laws are and what they may be in the future regarding certain types of behavior, with all the implications that has regarding criminal liability. Even WBC’s tapdancing act didn’t really cover it; Snyder v. Phelps may prevent prosecution for making people cry by talking about public issues on public property, but to my knowledge there has been no such ruling for those situations where blood is shed instead of tears. I somehow suspect that SCOTUS would’ve decided a little differently had the WBC exceeded their constitutional right to peaceably assemble and commenced some beatings.
@stanleybmanly The comparison between Donald Trump and Steven Colbert is not entirely without merit, but if that’s what is really going on then I think Trump is the greatest actor that ever lived. The fact that so many Americans take Trump at face value is kind of scary though, and I sincerely think that we need to put the same safeguards in place against them than we have to protect from ISIS.