I’m not totally sure why the impulse arises either, though I could suggest several possible reasons. . . Seconding @msh‘s observation, many of these situations seem to be “push-backs” . . . where one group of people had been shamed, abused, stigmatized, etc., and is then contrasted with an apparently opposing, superior group.
In these cases, the concept of there being a hierarchy (superior/inferior) wasn’t created by the subaltern group, merely appropriated. Once the group gets enough support to enact change, they would want to redefine the way society perceives them. If what a society has presented is a linear ranking of social status, it seems like a natural reaction to try and climb the already socially-recognized ranking rather than branch out into unknown cultural space (even if once established that unknown space could provide level, egalitarian terrain.) It becomes a societal ‘us vs. them.’
I imagine anger could/would also play a role . . . if someone has experienced, or has at least been sensitive to, the disparity of treatment between two groups, they might resent the group who benefitted from the disparity, especially if that group was also causing the disparity. Anger tends to be more divisive than anything, alienating people and crowding out any pangs of empathy that might reach across breach. . . it becomes an emotional ‘us vs. them.’
Perhaps, too, when people are looking for drastic change quickly, they look for the seemingly fastest way to bring the two sides onto the same plane; maybe the thought is that it would be quicker to raise up one side while lowering the other (burning both ends of the rope) than simply trying to raise the one side up to the full height of the other. . . So, a rhetorical ‘us vs. them.’
Or, perhaps those people who support one side by insulting the other do not want reconciliation, for whatever reason. Maybe they feel threatened, maybe they feel hurt, maybe they feel suspicious/uneasy—that the socially superior group will eventually rescind movement towards equality, or that in order to forge that equality, the subaltern group must give up a part of their identity, or simply that the two groups lack trust of each other. A defensive ‘us vs. them.’
Anyway, those are my immediate stabs at the question: societal, emotional, rhetorical, and defensive motivations, that work instead of or in concert with each other. I don’t think that any of them give good support for the practice of insulting the “opposite,” but perhaps they give some reasons why it might happen. . .
I’m with you that it’s frustrating. But then, I’m a feminist who thinks the word “feminism” does mean equality of the sexes. Perhaps if we had a society that put less absolute emphasis on hierarchy, perhaps if we were more dexterous in our navigation of anger, perhaps if we focused more on the post-equal world than on crossing the line, perhaps if we were better able to trust each other, we would feel more able to speak towards a common, multifarious vision?