I’m not a practicing Catholic—I haven’t been to Confession or Communion in over forty years—and I don’t consider myself religious at all, but I was raised as one and did ten years of Catholic school from 1960 – 1970. Since then, my interest in the Church has been as a person interested in its history and evolution as an institution.
Nobody can deny that it has had a significant impact upon all aspects of Western culture. Because of this, I find the history of the Church and its relationship and influence on Western social development in general, its doctrinal evolution and related rationales, and the machinations of it’s interior, upper-level politics, all extremely interesting.
The recognition of evolution, and science in general, is nothing new in the Catholic Church.
Catholic scientists and Catholic priest-scientists have been on the vanguard of science for hundreds of years. Since the Renaissance, Catholic scientists have been credited as fathers of a diverse range of scientific fields:
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), a devout Catholic in good standing with the Church, prefigured the theory of evolution with Lamarckism, the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired during its lifetime to its offspring (also known as heritability of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance).
Friar Gregor Mendel (1822–84) pioneered genetics.
Fr Georges Lemaitre (1894–1966) proposed the Big Bang cosmological model.
None of the above were burned at the stake or punished in any way for their efforts.
The Jesuits, the priestly order of which Pope Francis belongs, have been particularly active, notably in astronomy. Church patronage of sciences continues through elite institutions like the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and Vatican Observatory.
In the 1950 encyclical, Humani generis, Pope Pius XII confirmed that there is no intrinsic conflict between Christianity and the theory of evolution, provided that Christians believe that the individual soul is a direct creation by God and not the product of purely material forces. This is taught as Theistic Creationism, which has nothing to do with the doctrine of Creationism which is the denial of evolution that is popular today among Christian fundamentalists and literal interpreters of the Bible.
The Catholic Church leaves it’s members to freely accept, or not accept Theistic Creationism which is simply the acceptance of the theory of evolution, but with the added aspect that Catholics acknowledge that evolution, universe in general, was initiated by God according to the catechism of the Catholic Church.
Note: Many of the factual statements above are short pieces of copypasta from various Wikipedia articles that are edited and placed to insure continuity and ease of comprehension. This was done in an attempt to ensure accuracy under time restrictions