First, when a government is run by people who are pawns of corporations and their investors, including military corporations, and where jobs and economy are political capital, and there is more support for policies that give money to large wealthy corporations than to people’s needs, then “yay, more jobs and economic activity!”
I think that is the main real actual explanation.
There are also military justifications, but those are relatively insane and mainly there are reasons to justify the continued concentration of wealth and power in the direction of those who already have most of the wealth and power. However they do make sense from the point of view they are framed in.
The military justifications involve such ideas as:
* Hey, it’s an exaggeration that you can really destroy the world. It wont explode. Nuclear winter isn’t proven – it’s probably a myth or liberal commie plot to make ‘Murica weak. Nuclear fallout isn’t all that bad, and doesn’t last all that long. Even if all the cities in the world get destroyed, there will still be survivors.
* Nuclear weapons can be used to try to intercept or preemptively destroy other nuclear weapons.
* In case the enemy hits you with a surprise nuclear strike, you want them to think they can’t destroy all of your nuclear weapons so you’d still have enough left that they won’t want to attack you because even if they get most of your weapons, a small sliver of your arsenal may still be enough to do unacceptable damage to them in return, so it keeps you safer in theory that way.
* In case the enemy develops defensive systems capable of protecting against nuclear strikes, if you have an insane number of weapons, even if they have a really good chance of shooting yours down, you may still have enough that you’d probably still destroy them good enough that they won’t attack. As in the classic video game on the subject, Missile Command, the later waves are hard or impossible to survive, even when the earlier waves are fairly easy.
* Missile systems may eventually become unreliable with age, and older systems may be more expensive to maintain and less effective in various ways. So (oh boy!) we get to bill/pay for new and improved planet-destroying weapons.