Written, codified and formalized laws – and penalties – are in my mind a measure of how far we have strayed from real civilization.
If you think of your own family, for example, you probably have unwritten rules of conduct, same as every other family I’ve ever known or been part of. You know within pretty narrow bands what kinds of behaviors you can get away with, what you can do without discussion or repercussion, and where the lines are that you had better not cross. And – again, if you’re like most reasonably well-behaved and civilized people – you generally act within those bounds.
But as the family structure starts to break down, and as people in the family start to unfairly take advantage of one another, then the rules have to be written down: formalized schedules for various chores, for example, and written tally sheets and records of who-got-what and when so that wealth distribution can be made more equitable.
Laws do that on a more formal basis. I don’t need laws in my neighborhood that tell me to not blithely walk onto my neighbor’s property, break into his house and take what isn’t mine. I don’t need a law that prevents me from shooting obnoxious drivers in the face. I doubt that you need those, either. If the law didn’t exist, would you shoot your neighbor over a dispute about, say, an unmowed lawn or leaves blowing onto your property?
Truly “civilized” people don’t really have a lot of need for laws and the penalties that come with them. We know the difference between right and wrong, and stay on the right side of the unwritten rules that we already know.
This is not an entirely original idea that I have. I got it from Robert A. Heinlein, and he got it from earlier writers and thinkers.
So, as to “freedom” … laws are written by governments, which are necessary limitations on freedom, because even the best among us aren’t perfect enough to live with absolutely no restraint or constraint on behavior. Even the best get angry and do things that they shouldn’t have done, or make mistakes that they would rather not own up to, and try to avoid taking responsibility for. Laws in general are the way we codify our civilization, and as that civilization gets more complex, more laws are needed to help us decide where “most of us” have set our priorities.
Laws are what we need to preserve the maximum amount of freedom among other people who don’t always think the way we do.