My thought would be that you can choose any number of lenses, depending on what interests you, and view a fairly narrow trail through it, that in actuality reflects the whole.
I would say go narrow, not broad. It’s very hard to view the world, but you can study a grain of sand.
For example, take a history of modern inventions. If you really look at them, you will see that they are full of links to the past, both through ancient solutions to the same problems (transportation, home heating, water management) and through their ties to events that forced adaptation and innovation (wartime, population movement, famine) or enabled them (electricity).
James Burke’s fascinating PBS series Connections(TV_series) traces the causes and effects of technological innovations through time. Even if some of the science might be out of date since the 1970s, the series inspires a sense of the span and scope of human development.
A history of art would do that. A history of music or literature. A history of medicine, a history of fashion, a history of agriculture. A history of eating utensils. A history of glass. One of Bill Bryson’s books might lead you somewhere interesting.
How about a history of great ideas that changed the world, or humble inventions (pencils, adhesive tape) that did the same? What did the invention of feminine hygiene products do for the world? Or try Asimov’s The Intelligent Man’s Guide to Science (1960). Again, it doesn’t matter if it’s out of date; you’re not looking for the latest developments in nuclear physics but for a picture of relationships and a pattern of change over time.
Look for context, look for connections. When something big happened, what else was going on nearby and in the larger world at the same time? For questions like that, the Internet is a great resource.
Consider a history of the present moment: could anyone talk about, say, world politics in 2020 without talking about disease? It’s all connected; one would lead you to the other.
When you find a particular theme that catches your interest—for example, how architecture reflects and shapes cultural ideas, or how the invention of precision machining affected warfare, or the far-reaching linguistic consequences of the Norman conquest of England—you can branch out and take in bigger breadths of interaction.
If social history interests you more than wars and kings, again, pick a starting point and follow threads. How about the Inquisition in Europe? or how the idea of revolution spread in the American colonies? How about the Silk Road?
My emphasis is on reading (meaning actual books), but of course there are also videos and websites and documentaries. I’m a reader, and I like to take in information at my own pace, annotating my books as I go. I also prefer to trust well-documented scholarship, and I actually read the notes. Right now, though, there are all kinds of online courses and resources available, many of them free.
I’ve always found that the more closely I look at something, the more interesting it gets; and that there is no such thing as useless knowledge.
In sum: Start anywhere. Investigate an interest you already have, and try to view its origin and progress in the context of time and place. Follow those connections where they lead. And don’t overlook the branching power of your book’s bibliography.