Only in the creative sense that one “can” associate anything with anything. The intended meanings of the two systems don’t overlap or correspond very much, though.
The biggest correspondence I see, is in the Holland theory’s notion of appropriate careers for personality types, and the original D&D term “the prime requisite”, which originally mainly gave an experience bonus to characters who had a high attribute score in certain attributes that for each character class.
But Holland personality types do not correspond to D&D attributes.
At best, maybe “Social” could be related to D&D Charisma, and “Investigative” could be related to D&D Intelligence. Maybe “Realistic” could be related to D&D Dexterity, Strength, and/or Constitution.
And D&D alignments have little relation to Holland personality types, or to professions.
Perhaps more likely would be to relate Holland personality types to good D&D character classes… and perhaps an actually more practical idea would be for a player to take a Holland test as the character they imagine wanting to roleplay, and then have suggested D&D character classes they might like to play.
… but even then, it might work even better to design a test that is designed to lead people to play certain character classes directly, rather than through the not-what-it-was-designed-for Holland filter. I think there are already probably many such quizzes already on the Internet. (Not that Internet quizzes tend to be great. So even better might just be to let players read the class descriptions to see if any describe what they want to play. And if they get turned off, maybe play a classless system like The Fantasy Trip or GURPS.)
So my answer is “mostly no, but you can do anything, and D&D has a long history of creative gonzo bullshit concepts that don’t correspond to reality or logic, so if it seems fun,to you, go ahead.”