As already pointed out here, certain US state and federal laws allow individuals to claim exeption from a range of public policies and regulations based on moral, philosophical, or relgious beliefs. The general basis for these exemptions is found in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; which provides that individuals have the right to be free from discrimination on the basis of religion.
For some general info on what groups are known to refuse vaccinations for religious reasons – and which faiths do not claim an exemption – look here :
VeryWellFamily.com -
https://www.verywellfamily.com/religious-exemptions-to-vaccines-2633702
The VWF site states that their info is provided for educational purposes only, and not offered as medical or legal advice. According to their review, religious groups that refuse immunization on grounds of belief include:
• Churches that rely on faith healing including small Christian churches such as Church of the First Born, End Time Ministries, Faith Assembly, Faith Tabernacle, and First Century Gospel Church.
• The First Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Scientist) believes in healing through prayer and that vaccines aren’t necessary.
Although there are few religions with an absolute objection to vaccines, there are many more groups within other religions who are opposed to getting their kids and themselves vaccinated, which helps explain some of the outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases that have occurred recently.
These religious groups include:
• Some Amish
• Some Dutch Reformed churches
• Some Muslim fundamentalists
There is no absolute objection to vaccines within these faith traditions, though. Even among the Dutch Orthodox Protestants, there is a subset who describe vaccines as “a gift from God.”
Other faiths have formally declared that immunizations are not against their beliefs -
• Catholics: The Catholic Church is clearly pro-vaccine. Even for the vaccines that some parents question, especially those for hepatitis A, rubella, and varicella, which are cultured in cells that were originally derived from aborted fetuses, the Church teaches that “if no safe, effective alternative vaccines exist, it is lawful to use these vaccines if danger to the health of children exists or to the health of the population as a whole.”
• Jehovah’s Witnesses: Although Jehovah’s Witnesses had a past opposition to vaccines, in 1952 they stated that vaccination “does not appear to us to be in violation of the everlasting covenant made with Noah, as set down in Genesis 9:4, nor contrary to God’s related commandment at Leviticus 17:10–14.”
• Jews: Confusion still exists among some people over the fact that since some vaccines contain components with porcine (pig) and gelatin components, then it must be against Jewish dietary laws for their members to be vaccinated. However, the use of vaccines is “judged based on concepts of medical law contained in halachic codes” and is therefore encouraged.
• Muslims: Except for areas where polio is still endemic, several imams and other Islamic leaders issued clear statements and fatwas describing how immunization is consistent with Islamic principles.
• Hindus: None of the four major branches of Hinduism are opposed to vaccines and countries that are majority Hindu, including Nepal and India, have high vaccination rates.