As a child, I was in the “completely unaware” category. The predominant ethnicities where I grew up in eastern Massachusetts were Irish and Italian, so mostly Catholic. Kids would ask each other “Are you Catholic or Protestant?”—no third (or other) option—and I didn’t know what either one meant, so I said I was Catholic until the mother of one of my friends told me I was Protestant.
This was the 1950s, and the Holocaust was only a few years past. It was a meaningful context for many of my friends and of course their parents, but I didn’t know that at the time. I knew nothing about it.
The fact that I was kept so ignorant is in itself a kind of answer to your question.
I had Jewish friends—and I had a crush on Bobby Goodman in third grade—but I didn’t know they were Jewish. Not until sixth grade, when an enlightened (Gentile) teacher included Hanukkah themes in the classroom alongside Christmas themes. She chose Bobby Goodman to read a Hanukkah poem aloud to the class, and it was the first time I’d heard the word “Hannukah.” So up until that point, I was just plain uninformed.
There was the occasional random mention and casual joke, such as my father’s customary wisecrack about food restrictions when someone ate too lightly at our dinnertable, but I had no idea what they referred to, and I never asked.
It troubles me to this day that my father, an ordained minister and a professor of philosophy and religion, didn’t educate his own kids on the existence of other faiths and our points of commonality. In those days as now, it was us and them: in that case, it was us and the heathens, all of them. Only our churchpeople understood the requisites of salvation correctly and were going to heaven.
In Sunday school and church, there were frequent mentions of the Jews (e.g., “king of the Jews”), but they were all in a Biblical context. When verses were interpreted, we were always told that “Hebrews” or “Jews” meant us, because we were God’s people. I can’t imagine now how they had the nerve to do that.
I never got it that when they said Jews who didn’t accept Christ as the Messiah weren’t going to heaven, they were talking about my friends and neighbors and not some long-dead guys from Bible times.
I do remember some anxious questioning of Sunday school teachers: What about Abraham? What about Moses? What about Ruth? (I was especially fond of Ruth.) Weren’t they good and faithful servants of God? Weren’t they in heaven? How could they have been condemned for living long before Jesus was born? I can’t remember any of the answers, but I know that I was dubious.
From seventh grade onward, I was very aware. A third of the youngsters in my classes—in the immediately post-Sputnik burst of interest in accelerated learning for bright kids—were Jewish. We had an antisemitic math teacher who liked to call attention to the seats that were empty at the holidays. My group of friends was about half and half. The only times it made any difference were when they had special things to do or not do.
So what I learned about Judaism I learned directly from my Jewish friends, at least through high school, including bar mitzvahs and bas mitzvahs, visits to the Jewish Community Center, holiday talk, and visits to their homes. Later on I did supplementary reading and asked questions. I first learned about the Holocaust when reading The Diary of Anne Frank at about age 11, and I was simply stunned. I’ve read a lot since then, including The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, and I still can’t take it in.
I had a Jewish boyfriend for eight years and learned plenty from him. I’m still learning.