Do classical musicians ever suffer from hearing damage from excessive loud music?

Maybe if one sits in front of a tuba too much at the wrong time.

No. The decibel level of your average violin or cello isn’t high enough to cause hearing damage. And those playing those instruments (or any instruments) in an orchestra are not exposed to as much from the rest of the players. The damage comes from two aspects: they amount of energy (decibel level) and the amount of time exposed to that energy. Example: you can spend several hours in a noise level of about 80 db and not get much hearing damage. But your average gun shot ranges from 140–230 db. Being exposed to several of those can start causing hearing damage. The noise level of an orchestra is usually anywhere from 85–95 db

I would guess over time yes if they aren’t protecting their ears while performing with an orchestra. Hearing damage can start above 70 decibels if it is prolonged exposure, definitely about 80. I have trouble tolerating over 80 decibels now.

Sure. And many will use high end ear plugs.

Not so much. If you ever looked closely, many orchestra members wear ear plugs. The db level is also not as high. However high frequency sounds that an orchestra make do tend to tire the inner ear out causing temporary hearing loss.

Don’t banjos cause more hearing damage than other instruments?

@RocketGuy Only to the people listening.