some terms and definitions real quick so we’re all talking the same things – these are just from memory to try to keep it in plain speak so excuse any minor oversights
S&P 500 – a group of 500 (mostly US) publicly traded and commonly held (meaning a lot of people are invested in them) large companies, picked by a committee and generally used as a broad representation of how US businesses are doing with regards to their publicly traded stock (think of a huge company, and it’s probably in there)
index – a way to track the value of a set group of investments, using a set formula, so the actual number is really only useful when comparing it against the same index historically… most of the numbers the news shows you to give a feel for how the market is doing are indexes
mutual funds – are investments where you hold a piece (where the term “share” comes in) of a pooled group of assets managed by a company… managed here just means they have some discretion as to how the money from the investors (you) is actually allocated. Mutual funds usually set some sort of guideline as to the general type of investments they’ll be putting money into… for example you might see a mutual fund only investing in companies of a certain size or industry… generally they are a mix of stocks, bonds, and some interest bearing component…
A simpler explanation is you, and a lot of other people, pool your funds and hand them to an educated person/company who’s job is to make you all money following a certain set of guidelines for what he/she can invest in, if you make money, you all share in it, if you don’t, you all share in that too
To bring it all together -
So the S&P 500 index fund is a mutual fund set up by a company (Vanguard for example in the fund mentioned by La Chica) that invests in the 500 companies that make up the S&P 500. This would very much make you invested in the stock market.
You can do something similar with something commonly called “spiders” which are marketed as a way to trade all the companies of the S&P 500 just like you would an individual stock… they may be worth looking into your interested in that as well, sometimes they are easier/cheaper to get into and out of (buy and sell) than a mutual fund, but are invested by a set formula rather than a person…
(stock symbol is SPDR which is where the name comes from, at one time it was the most commonly traded stock, but I don’t keep up anymore)
There are also mutual funds created with the intent of being very safe and paying out the highest percentage they can while being very safe. Although, as all those investment house commercials say in the fine print, there’s risk with any investment… it’s been a while, but it seemed several of these paid out ~5%, this may have changed.
If you have a little time on your hands, I’d say do some research and then go in to talk to an advisor at an investment house. Let them know your situation, how much you have to invest, and what time frame you’re looking at (be realistic)... keep in mind these are sales guys/gals, and they may try to sell you something, but they also do this every day and study it intently. If you feel like they aren’t listening or you’re uncomfortable, get out of there. Also, don’t plan on giving them any money that day anyway, but let them know you’re looking to invest in the next two weeks or so. It’s easier to get in, get information and ideas, and get out if they’re not asking you for a check or account information.
Also, a quick note on time frame. If I remember right, you were looking at colleges and can drink a beer in Canada, so you’re 18? At some point in the next 10–15 years, you’re probably going to need cash, hopefully it’s to buy a house, maybe it’s to buy a car, or a ring, or a couch. Hopefully a house. But you’re going to want/need that money. With whatever investment you choose, make sure you can get at the money if you need to without huge penalties or fees.
I’m pushing into @dalepetrie territory here, so I’m gonna leave it at that. Good luck with whatever you choose.