I don’t know where to begin! Interpretation of grades? Knowledge of what scales is used to determine grades? Irrelevance of grading systems with respect to value of children? Irrelevance of grades to life outcomes? Competition? Self-esteem?
I hate grades and grading systems. I think they are used because people need some supposedly objective way to tell others what a given individual has learned. As such, they are woefully inadequate. They do predict success in school, and education level does predict income, but, as far as I know, none of these things are correlated with happiness, or with what is important in life.
The second thing is that it is almost impossible to interpret grades. Some people grade “on a curve” which means that the bulk of students should get the middle grade, and only 5% get the highest and lowest grades. It’s kind of like one standard deviation, two standard deviations and three standard deviations from the mean.
Of course, most grade school and high school teachers probably don’t have sufficient understanding of statistics to be able to understand how to do this. Then again, what is the comparison group? Students in the class? Students in the school? Students in the grade in the school? Students in the grade in the city, the state, the country?
I think most teachers have a kind of range of ability of students that is based on all the students they have ever taught. They assign grades according to this internal scale they’ve developed, and no one can really know what it is.
In addition, grade inflation (so now the B is what used to be a C, or maybe a B+ is now what was a C a generation ago) had an impact. As a result, no one really knows how to interpret grades. A B+ might be fantastic, and it might also be horrible.
Then, as many of you have pointed out, there is the individual circumstances of each student. Who knows where a child is coming from, and what obstacles they have overcome to achieve a grade. From an individual point of view, the B+ could be awesomely meaningful to one person, and a badge of shame to another. Neither should be criticized just because the same grade means different things to them.
Anyway, as a result of this mess, George Bush gave us his No Child Left Untested Program. Oops. Excuse me. He called it “No Child Left Behind.” However, the idea of a national standard test is the only thing that would allow us to compare children to each other using the same standard. But don’t get me into my critique of testing. I’m just talking about grades here. It should be noted that high schools, public and private, use standardized tests of various sorts to determine who to accept, and, of course, higher education does the same.
In addition, no one knows whether grades are related to happiness or success in life. If you do well in high school, you tend to do well in college, and graduate school, and then at work. This may all be a self-fulfilling prophecy, or a good ol’ boys and girls club. As Taosan would point out, C’s were no indication of how he would do. There are many brilliant people who slip through the cracks because they don’t fit the idea of a good student, and schools have no idea what to do with them.
Now, there is also a big discussion here of the role of expectations, and parenting, and helping children have a good feeling about themselves. As many of you know, I don’t feel very good about myself. I also didn’t receive much praise from my parents, and I never, to this day, knew if I met their expectations. So, it seems, they set very high expectations. I probably can’t meet them. Shit, I was supposed to be a genius.
I’ve noticed, however, that when high expectations are put on people, they tend to meet those expectations. Asians are well known for putting a lot of pressure on their kids to do well in school, and their kids study awfully hard, and do well. I think Americans are a little put off by this, because, for us, self-esteem is more important, and if you put too many expectations on our kids, and they don’t meet them, they will feel like failures, and become failures.
So the trick is putting high expectations, even pressure on our kids, while letting them know we love them no matter how they do, no matter who they become. Well, that’s not an easy trick to perform. I don’t know how to do it. I expect a lot from my kids, and when they don’t try, or they seem not to try, it really, really bothers me. I was helping my sone with math tonight, and he just didn’t seem to be trying. He kept asking what time it was, because he was only supposed to do this for 25 minutes. Well, 25 minutes of staring at the problem does not count, in my book.
Anyway, he goes to a school that doesn’t give grades, and I am happy about that. We do get these reports, long and individualized, and I have no idea how to interpret them with respect to other students. I don’t know how they are doing compared to others. But that’s not supposed to matter. What matters is my own kids.
And, in truth, it’s no different from how I grew up—with grades. I got mostly A’s, and I thought I was a mediocre student, because I wasn’t even close to being one of the smart kids. I may have had a class of 200, and a good dozen of them went to Ivies, and many others to other prestigious colleges. That was not my lot. I went to a decent school, but not one I had heard of before my Junior year. In any case, I never had any idea of how I really compared to my classmates. I didn’t know their grades.
When I was 15, I spent a year in an English school. At one point, I received something like an 86 on a paper about existentialism. In my mind, that was a B+. In England, that was the top mark in the class! They seemed to post grades more often, and so everyone knew where everyone else stood—at least, some of the time.
If my son got a B+, I would be horrified. But that would also be true if he got an A or and F. It would mean I hadn’t protected him from a bankrupt system. Still, the way I grew up, a B+ is kind of a minimal expectation. Really, straight A’s is the way to go, and of course, by that standard, I ended up far from the mark.
On the other hand, if my kids got a B+, should they be in such a system, and it was in a subject they had a hard time with, I’d be happy and proud of them. If it was in a subject they did well in, I’d want to know what happened.