This is a question philosophers and psychoanalysts have been debating for hundreds of years, and I can point you to several thousand articles that each answer this question in a different way. But I will give you clips of my two favorites (which are more or less diametrically opposed):
Rorty – there is no essence of ourselves inhabiting us a la Ghost in the Shell. The self is nothing more than a concatenation of beliefs and desires – but this “nothing more” should not be seen as derogatory, just deflationary.
As to revealing or obscuring that ‘self’, he would probably say that it is always obscured, in that it is never valid to believe that you have been able to divine what another’s life is like, or why they really do the things that they do, from what you observe. We can choose what contingently characterizes us in our private lives, and be a good citizen in our public lives, and there is no theory that can make sense of this. For example, Rorty’s take on Heidegger’s Nazism is that one of the greatest minds of all time happened to be a pretty nasty character, and that’s all we can really say about that (others, like Medard Boss, disagree – see his intro to “The Zollikon Seminars”). See this short and wonderful piece by Rorty, Trotsky and the Wild Orchids if you guys ever click on a link I offer, let it be this one
Whitehead – every thing in the world is an “actual entity” (atoms, cells, crickets, humans, God) or “actual occasion”, which has a particular level of self-determining capacity based on its level of complexity (atoms are not that complex, so they have little power of self-determination; humans are very complex and have a great deal of ability to will their lives; God as omnipotent actually, for Whitehead, God is only mostly omnipotent because the power of self-determination of other creatures both affects God (because the world is really in a mutually creative process with God) and limits God’s ability to affect those creatures and omniscient is the most highly self-determining actual entity).
Don’t know what he’d say about obscuring or revealing so much though…but i suspect it might go back to his take on God again, and to intensity of experience. He says that God has a subjective aim, which is the ideal for growth for all actual entities. Humans are actual entities that can deviate from this ideal quite a bit, so it is easy for us not to reach our ideal for growth. It’s kind of cool that in the end, the ideal for growth is realized in intensity of experience. See “Process and Reality”.
sorry, this got really long accidentally