What are the main parts of a computer?

Depends on how big the computer is. I’m currently doing electronics development with microprocessors. These have an external clock, but all the parts are internal. (e.g., there’s only one component.)

At that scale, there is storage (ROM), memory (RAM), a processor, and inputs and outputs. Most computers could be represented with these five “components”.

From a PC system builder standpoint, it’s case, power supply, motherboard, processor, RAM, video card, hard disk and DVD burner. Monitor, keyboard and mouse are also required, but not usually considered part of the build, don’t ask me why.

This in from wikipedia…

* Computer case with power supply (usually sold together)
* Motherboard
* Processor with a heat sink and fan (usually sold together)
* At least one memory card
* Mass storage
* Keyboard and mouse for input
* Monitor for output

The motherboard connects everything together. The memory card(s), graphics card and processor, are mounted directly onto the motherboard (the processor in a socket and the memory and graphics cards in expansion slots). The mass storage is connected to it with cables and can be installed in the computer case or in a separate case. Same for keyboard and mouse, except that they are external and connect to the I/O panel on the back of the computer. The monitor is also connected to the I/O panel, either through an onboard port on the motherboard, or a port on the graphics card.

The mass storage can be

* Hard disk
* Floppy drive or Zip drive (both with removable media)
* Optical drive (CD or DVD, removable, usually read-only)
* Flash Storage (interal or memory card)

The operating system (e.g.: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux or many others) can be located on either of these, but typically it’s on one of the hard disks. A LiveCD is also possible, but it is very slow and is usually used for installation of the OS, demonstrations, or problem solving.

On top of these, a computer may also have

* Sound card
* Video card
* Network card
* internal modem card (although less frequently these days).

Common additions, connected on the outside (peripherals), are

* Printer
* Scanner
* Webcam
* Speakers
* Microphone
* Modem
* router
* Headset
* Card reader
* Gaming devices such as a joystick

Computer is composed by hardware and software. Hardware includes CPU, memory RAM and ROM, hard drives, monitors, optical drives and other components. While CPU is working as the major part of hardware.

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