Frostbite is the most common injury resulting from exposure to severe cold. Superficial frostbite is characterized by white, waxy, or grayish-yellow patches on the affected areas. The skin feels cold and numb. The skin surface feels stiff but underlying tissue feels soft and pliable when depressed.
Deep frostbite usually affects the feet or hands and is characterized by waxy, pale, solid skin. Blisters may appear. Treat deep frostbite by moving the victim indoors and immediately seek medical attention.
http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/frstbit.htm
Frostbite: Damage to tissues from freezing due to the formation of ice crystals within cells, rupturing the cells and leading to cell death.
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3522 (one of my FAVE medical sites ever!)
At the first signs of redness or pain in any skin area, get out of the cold or protect any exposed skin—frostbite may be beginning. Any of the following signs may indicate frostbite: a white or grayish-yellow skin area, skin that feels unusually firm or waxy,
numbness
http://www.co.lucas.oh.us/health/FrostbiteFacts.asp
Recognizing frostbite
• White or grayish-yellow skin area
• Skin that feels unusually firm or waxy, numbness (a victim is often unaware of frostbite until someone else points it out because the frozen tissues are numb).
What to do about frostbite:
At the first signs of redness or pain in any skin area,
http://www.srhd.org/Information/news/newsdisplay.asp?id=215
History: Frostbite is a completely preventable injury that can occur with or without hypothermia. Below -10°C, any tissue that feels numb for more than a few minutes may become frostbitten. Progressive symptoms of frostbitten areas are as follows:
Initial coldness
Stinging, burning, and throbbing
Numbness followed by complete loss of sensation (This history of anesthesia suggests frostbite injury.)
Loss of fine muscle dexterity (ie, clumsiness of fingers)
Loss of large muscle dexterity (ie, difficulty ambulating)
Severe joint pain
http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic803.htm (excellent but very scientific article)
be happy you are not a cow…
Frostbite in teats and scrotums deserves special mention. Frostbitten teats may be difficult to detect.
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/disaster/winterstorm/hypoandfrostbite.html