I made sencha at home from a camellia sinensis plant in my backyard (I bought it for this purpose). The tea was very easy to make and was absolutely delicious. Here’s what I did:
1) Pick the tips (2 leaves and the terminal bud, not old leaves). The time of year that you pick the leaves (and the corresponding climate) will impact the flavor of the tea. I’m not an expert on this, but I picked the leaves when the majority of the new growth had leaves between 2cm and 4cm, this was around late spring in Houston. The plant was in full sun because I wanted sencha. If you want something more like gyokuro, shade the bush for a couple of weeks before picking. You will get a lower yield but sweeter tea. The first flush of tea is considered the highest quality of the season. You can continue harvesting through the summer. Avoid harvesting in the fall. Most of the bush’s energy goes to root development then so there will be little to no new leaves. It’s a good time to amend the soil.
2) Wither the leaves. Handle the leaves very gently. Place them in a shady area for 2 to 3 hours, until they wilt slightly. This allows enzymes in the leaves to develop the flavor of the tea. Again, an expert would know exactly what they are doing. I just tried it and I got some good tea. Keep notes and see if you can improve the flavor. Note: if you crush or roll the leaves before wilting, they will oxidize and create an oolong or black tea. The secret to green tea is careful handling of the leaves, preserving the structure of the leaves.
3) Steam the leaves. This deactivates the enzymes in the tea and halts the development of the flavor. I used a vegetable steamer on the stove. Steam for 60 seconds for regular green tea, 120 seconds for fukamushi (deep-steamed) style. The leaves will be wet at this stage.
4) Dry the leaves. I placed the leaves on foil and popped them in the toaster over on Bake for 15 minutes at 225 F. The foil was a poor choice as some of the leaves stuck to the foil when they dried and it was difficult to remove them. I would use ceramic if I did it again, and I would shake the leaves every 5 minutes to keep them from sticking.
5) Store in an airtight container under refrigeration. From this point on, air, light and moisture are the enemy, causing oxidation, photo-oxidation, possibly mold, and destroying your precious flavors.
6) Brew normally.
Commercial tea is rolled to compact the leaves into “spiders legs” shapes. This is considered more attractive and makes the tea easier to store and pack. I didn’t roll the tea, so I had what looked like dried tea leaves. I broke them up a bit to get them into the tea ball, but they were delicious. Very sweet (despite the full sun) and rich subtle flavor.
I also tried one tip without processing. I simply placed the tip in a small amount (2 to 3 oz) of hot water and let it sit for 15 minutes. The water did not change color and was lukewarm. But the flavor was amazing. It was very delicate and fresh tasting. It didn’t really taste like green tea- more like grass. But the tea flavor was subtle. I really liked it a lot.
Here’s a picture of the tea I made .