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mattbrowne's avatar

How many black holes are there in the Milky Way and why are there so many different scientific estimates?

Asked by mattbrowne (31735points) December 1st, 2009

Astronomers have got pretty good statistics about the number and size of stars in the Milky Way. Most end up as white dwarfs, while most of the heavier stars going supernova turn into neutron stars. Only very heavy stars collapse into a black hole when going supernova. We should know how many of them have existed since the birth of our galaxy and be able to calculate the number of black holes. We also know about galactic mergers in the history of the Milky Way.

There seems to be some controversy about what’s going on in the outskirts of our galaxy. I found this relatively new article, but a conclusive estimate for black holes seems difficult.

http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/05/11/black-holes-galaxy.html

Has anyone got some good information about this?

Milky Way May Be Teeming With Black Holes

May 11, 2009—Hundreds of relic black holes may be roaming the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy trailing telltale streams of stars detectable from Earth, suggest astronomers in a new study. The black holes are crash victims, ejected from their original host galaxies when worlds collided, a process that Ryan O’Leary and Abraham Loeb, with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, suspect was instrumental in building our own galaxy and probably many others (...).

O’Leary and Loeb believe this was common practice in the formative years of the Milky Way, as small dwarf galaxies crashed into each other. The ejected black holes would not have enough velocity to escape the gravity of the newly combined mass and should still be wandering the outer regions of the galaxy today.

“An observational discovery of this relic population would constrain the formation history of the Milky Way and the dynamics of black hole mergers in the early universe,” the astronomers wrote. “A similar population should exist around other galaxies, and may potentially be detectable in M31 and M33,” they added. Each black hole is estimated to contain the mass of between 1,000 and 100,000 suns.

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14 Answers

marinelife's avatar

I don’t think we know in any meaningful way.

This is really not surprising when you consider how little we do know. In our lifetimes that number of planets in our own solar system has changed a whole bunch of times.

Personally, I would not trust any current estimates, because we don’t have the kind of instrumentation and exploration data needed to make a solid estimate yet.

mattbrowne's avatar

@Marina – We’ve got plenty of telescopes and good models of how stars work. I find it surprising that we know the age of the universe, the rough number of galaxies in the universe, the rough number of stars in the Milky Way, but not the number of black holes. We also know a lot of about supermassive black holes in other galaxies and ours. But maybe you’re right about better instrumentation and exploration data that is needed.

marinelife's avatar

@mattbrowne Then too, it is not clear to me that our speculations about the nature of black holes are completely valid. With the recent acknowledgment of dark matter, I wonder what role that might play in the black hole dynamic? Some scientists suggest it cannot be swallowed by black holes. Others that dark matter forms a large portion of the massive black holes at the center of our galaxy.

mattbrowne's avatar

@Marina – Well, maybe the LHC will create neutralinos. It’s my understanding that black holes would swallow neutralinos if they exist.

wundayatta's avatar

When I first read the first few words of the title, I was thinking chocolate, and wondering what kind of black holes there were in a Milky Way chocolate bar. Bits of dark chocolate, perhaps? Tiny pieces of licorice?

ratboy's avatar

Maybe there are none: Black Stars.

Christian95's avatar

the fact that they are arguing tells me that they are very creative and each of them is smart enough to sustain it’s theory.This is the process of science:a theory has to fight its way to the top.This always happen when new things are proposed.

jackm's avatar

Previously I was under the impression that there was only one, in the center of our galaxy.

You have to remember though, black holes can never be observed, only their effects. We can only guess as to their existence. I have actually read a few papers proposing that black holes do not exists at all.

AstroChuck's avatar

I don’t know how many black holes are in it but I do know it’s loaded with caramel.

Phobia's avatar

As @jackm said, black holes cannot be observed directly. The reason they can’t accurately calculate how many black holes there are is because they are still having trouble getting concrete information about them. No form of information can come from the black hole because not even light can escape it. If light can’t escape it, there won’t be much information there. All they can do is look to see what is happening around a “suspected” black hole, and even then, it’s just speculation.

mattbrowne's avatar

@daloon – I love dark chocolate and eating it in moderate quantities is supposed to be very healthy. I wouldn’t eat it near a black hole though.

mattbrowne's avatar

@ratboy – The article is for subscribers only. I read this though

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Star_(semiclassical_gravity)

Interesting concept I haven’t heard of yet. Thanks for mentioning it. Does this have anything to do with Lee Smolin’s atoms of space cocept (part of his look quantum gravity hypothesis). He postulates a minimum volume of space below the Planck length. Would this prohibit a singularity from forming?

mattbrowne's avatar

@jackm – Well, if we count the places where we can observe the effects? Besides we know the number of stars that are too heavy to form a stable neutron star. I’m really hoping for some number like 1000, or a million.

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