What a coincidence that I just read The Lives of Animals (recommended), which addresses this topic directly.
The most obvious thing to me is that animal cruelty is pretty much a plainly bad thing. Not so much because it’s a violation of rights (I can’t really say whether animals have rights), but because it’s kind of a violation of the potential for compassion and sympathy, cross-species or otherwise, that not only exists in humans but is decidedly (in my mind) what makes us humans.
So, anyway…
I think you should clarify when you say ‘equal to people’. Equal in what way? Value of life? We’re all animals. And it’s natural to say that our lives, human lives, are more valuable or important than the lives of (other) animals. But they aren’t.
Legally speaking, there’s an incompatibility there between us and other animals. Our laws, which coincide (however ambiguously) with morals, can’t really be applied to other animals. An animal is not capable of committing the crime of murder, or of committing any crime. An animal is not capable of reason, which is another factor that governs (however ambiguously) what we call ‘law’.
It seems to me a little cold, though, to say that because an animal doesn’t fit into our human systems of Law and Morality and Reason, it’s somehow validated as a target of our violence and our unkindness. What we do to animals, after all, is breed them so that we can then kill them. And there we actually reach what might be an applicable version of your idea of ‘rights’: the right to life, the right to freedom, etc.
I’m not even going to attempt to determine whether animals are deserving of the right to life or freedom or whatever. It’s too difficult even to find criteria for what it means to deserve something. (Does a soul justify rights, liberties? And then: Do other animals have souls? Etc.) Of course, even in the wild, animals have what we would call a right to life; they have it even when they are the victims of predation, because predation is necessary and indiscriminate. But when we begin to utilize animals, bring them up in their specially designed microcosms of preparation for death, then we are essentially removing whatever ‘rights’ could have already existed for them in the wild.
You can say, ‘Our raising/killing of animals is as necessary as predation that occurs naturally in the wild.’ But it’s not as necessary. Unlike carnivorous wild animals, we would be perfectly capable of surviving without meat. Whether through reason or cognizance or technology, we’ve reached a point where, if we really want, we can stop eating meat altogether. (And yet instead we choose to use technology to facilitate the raising and harvesting of the very animals we could ‘save’, because they taste delicious.)
So we are no longer preying and they are no longer prey. If there was ever a purpose for a living thing (and of course that’s a very debatable if), then we’ve either denied certain animals from realizing that purpose or simply reassigned a new purpose. (I.e., You exist so that you may feed me.) Consider the Bible, which says that animals exist so that we may eat them, and provides a nice excuse to indiscriminately disrupt or balloon or devour certain populations of animals.
We’re more or less looking at the world here as though it’s one giant buffet. As far as I can tell we are the only animal that does this. And I find it highly improbable that all animals exist solely for our appetites anymore than they do for other animals’ appetites. We rely on eating other animals to survive, yes, but not to dine. And we (as a species) are pretty obviously way beyond just trying to survive, in the year 2010, when so much of what we eat and subsist on isn’t even actual food anymore.
What I’m doing is just thinking about it, which act I perhaps very foolishly feel I owe the animals I consume – because I do eat meat, every day, and I doubt very much I’d ever be able to give it up. I’m probably contradicting myself and I’m probably some kind of terrible hypocrite. But it seems very clear to me that, while consuming animals isn’t a violation of rights (regardless of whether or not those ‘rights’ exist), the way we treat them is not generally speaking ‘okay’, because at the very least it violates what I think is our human responsibility to be compassionate and kind.
/flameon or whatever