Quick answer: submit your stories to publishers!
Detailed answer…
First, make sure your manuscript is formatted correctly. There are many web sites that describe how to properly format a manuscript for submission. Here’s are two good ones (www.sfwa.org/writing) and (http://www.sfwriter.com).
Second, get a book titled, “The Writer’s Market.” It lists every publisher for every type of story. For example, if you write Science Fiction, examples of magazines that publish SF are Analog (www.analogsf.com) and Asimov’s (www.asimovs.com). There are many others, including fanzines and web-based publishers such as (www.bewilderingstories.com/). But as a general rule, you want to submit to the highest paying market first, and work your way down (as you collect rejection slips along the way :-(
By the way, If you don’t know this already, I should mention that it’s bad form to submit the same story to more than one publisher at a time. Yes, it’s a lengthy process to submit your story, wait for a reply, submit it to the next publisher, etc., but publishers don’t like their time wasted any more than you do.
Yes, expect a lot of rejection! But unless your writing is utterly pathetic, you’ll eventually reach a level appropriate to your writing skill, if only to get a free issue as payment for your story.
As your writing skill improves, you’ll gradually sell subsequent stories to better and better-paying markets…
You might also try joining an online critiquing group such as Critters Workshop (www.critters.org). Critters requires that you do an average of 4 critiques of others’ stories per month to remain a member (you may do more), and you are entitled to have one of your stories critiqued for every 4 critiques you write for others. It’s a great way to get your stories critiqued AND practice your writing skills.
A few other resources you’ll need are:
- A good unabridged dictionary (okay, I cheat—if I want to look up a word, I type the word into MS Word and do a spell check on that word :-)
- Strunk and White’s, The Elements of Style
There are other books you’ll need too that pertain to your particular genre. Again, if you write SF, you’ll need physics references, as well as books on speculative starship design, “alien world building,” etc., etc.