most likely YES! im doing a lot of this kind of research for my thesis and while i haven’t read everything on the subject, i have read a good bit. certainly there will be genetic predispositions, but research is starting to suggest that we may have the power to overcome them in some instances. one study conducted by the researchers i cited below addressed this directly. here’s a summary from my thesis (strange participant pool, wasn’t it?)...
Participants were 801 older Catholic priests, nuns, and brothers diagnosed as not having any form of dementia at the study’s start. Twenty cognitive tests were used to assess episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial ability. The frequency of participation in cognitive leisure activities (those activities requiring “information processing”) was assessed and included the following activities: watching television, listening to the radio, reading the newspaper, reading magazines, reading books, playing games (e.g., cards, checkers, crosswords), and going to museums. Physical activity was also assessed and included such activities as exercise, gardening, and swimming. At a follow-up of about four and half years, 111 participants had developed Alzheimer’s (M = 81 years, as compared to those who did not develop Alzheimer’s, M = 74 years). A 1-point increase in cognitive activity score (range of 1.57 to 4.71) was associated with a significant 33% reduction in the incidence of Alzheimer’s. Also, a 1-point increase in cognitive activity was associated with a significant reduced decline in global cognition (by 47%), working memory (by 60%), and perceptual speed (by 30%). To eliminate the possible explanation that some participants were in the early stages of Alzheimer’s at the study’s beginning, episodic memory (noted to be affected in the very early stages of Alzheimer’s) and existence of the ApoE4 allele (an established risk factor for Alzheimer’s) were measured, but neither produced significant differences between the groups. Also, physical activity was not related to reduced decline in any measure of cognitive functioning. In sum, greater participation in daily cognitively-stimulating activities reduced several aspects of cognitive decline and one’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
Sorry if that was a bit dense, but it was such a neat study that I think you should have all the info!
Source: Wilson, R. S., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Barnes, L. L., Schneider, J. A., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2002). Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. JAMA, 287, 742–748