I don’t know. To suggest that these differences are purely cultural is to suggest that there is a massive, world-wide conspiracy to impose gender roles on children. If it weren’t innate, you would expect more than a few children to grow up without standard gender orientations.
I know tons of parents of my generation—early feminists, who were bound and determined to raise children without the burden of gender roles. These are people with a serious theoretical need to make this happen. I don’t recall hearing a one of them say they succeeded.
I always tried to push my daughter to participate in sports, but she shied away. I never had to do any pushing with my son. He was always into physical things. He was climbing trees at age three. My daughter climbed trees, but not so soon and not so willingly.
Of course, my daughter is an ace at schoolwork. I expected my son to be, too, but he hates it. He hates reading. And we are a family full of academic types.
There’s no way I can believe that socialization can achieve an equalization of talents and interests. It hasn’t worked, and I’ve really tried. It’s beyond my control.
One thing that kills me is the rat issue. My wife expects me to take care of rodents and when we set traps, she puts all kinds of barriers up so that if we catch one, she doesn’t have to see a dead rat.
This one feels like socialization, but it may not be. My wife, to my great annoyance, seems to have trained my daughter in this dislike. My daughter was at least willing to look at the dead animal when she was younger, but no more. I was pushing her to be girl who would grow up to be able to handle these things on her own, but I failed, and my wife didn’t help.
My son has changed, too. He has always let his sister play with him like a doll. She would dress him up and put make up on him, and toenail polish. This last really bothered me, because I hate the smell. But I am an equal opportunity smell hater. I don’t like it when my daughter does it, either.
But here’s the weird thing. My wife doesn’t put on makeup and I don’t like makeup. How the hell did my daughter become so interested in looking good? She does makeup and clothes. No one in my family history has ever done clothes. My wife’s family doesn’t look all that trendy, either.
Where does this shit come from? Well, for one thing, TV. My daughter started watching those makeover shows—make-up, clothes, interior decorating, you name it.
I also suspect that school and peers have a lot to do with this. My son stopped really being into make-up as the years in school go by, and my daughter becomes more interested—lip gloss, for one thing. Actually, my son is still jealous, I think, of the lip gloss thing. But, in this case I believe, socialization has taken things out of our hands.
Socialization, I believe, can change some things, but not the overall tendencies. Underneath socialization, I think, has to be biological pushes in certain behavior directions.
Correlation is not causation, and it could be true that all the different behaviors are caused by socialization. However I don’t think that explains how pervasive these behaviors are, particularly when people work diligently to overcome them.